5 comments

  • merek18 hours ago
    Set your calendars:<p>Europa Clipper, launched 2024, starts Europa flybys on March 2031<p>Dragonfly, hopefully launching July 2028, arriving on Titan 2034<p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Europa_Clipper" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Europa_Clipper</a><p><a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)</a>
  • yellowapple15 hours ago
    &gt; This remarkable transformation in our understanding is the result of just three missions: Voyager, Galileo, and Cassini—along with some computer modeling and hard staring by the Hubble and Webb space telescopes.<p>Seems odd to neglect to mention New Horizons immediately after mentioning the probable existence of liquid oceans under Pluto&#x27;s surface, a finding made possible thanks primarily to New Horizons.
  • exhilaration22 hours ago
    Great read, other than Europa I wasn&#x27;t aware of these other candidate ocean moons.
  • miohtama1 day ago
    TIL<p>&gt; The radiation environment around Europa is punishing; an astronaut standing on the surface would get a fatal dose in about a day
    • kaseijin20 hours ago
      True for all the Galilean Moons more or less. Their orbits all lie within the Jovian equivalent of the Van Allen belts. And Jupiter&#x27;s magnetic field is much stronger than earth&#x27;s.
      • sennalen19 hours ago
        Not Callisto. Being within Jupiter&#x27;s magnetosphere but out of reach of Io&#x27;s shenanigans makes it one of the mildest radiation environments in the solar system.
      • idlewords20 hours ago
        Not true at all, the daily dose on Ganymede (which has a magnetic field of its own) is ~70 mSv&#x2F;day, and Callisto is 0.1 mSv&#x2F;day.<p>Io, meanwhile, is 35 Sv&#x2F;day. Location really matters among the four Galilean moons.
  • pvaldes1 day ago
    Beautifully designed article. Very cool images and diagrams.<p>&gt; We want rocks in contact with water,<p>But there is ice compressed between the water column and the xenoceanic bottom, ok. I see the problem.<p>What about rocks in the surface of the water?. Some volcanic rocks can float.
    • andrewflnr37 minutes ago
      &gt; What about rocks in the surface of the water?. Some volcanic rocks can float.<p>This is... not something you lay plans on. Even on Earth, these rocks are formed at surface pressure, just barely float, and don&#x27;t float for long (I&#x27;ve tried). If they form in the deep ocean, I&#x27;m guessing the pressure isn&#x27;t going to let the bubbles be big enough to create bouyancy at all. Either way they would be super rare.
    • Gravityloss1 hour ago
      I guess I&#x27;m now officially old and cranky, as planetoids receiving glow-ups was just a bit much as a term.