It's interesting how many false starts we had before the smartphone became ubiquitous. We had the Simon, Palm, then Nokia and Sony-Ericsson both with Symbian and different UI layers, WAP, various Windows CE devices, Blackberry pager descendants, and I probably missed a lot of them.
Japan's i-mode was a HTML-based smart mobile service that was very popular from 1999 to 2008:<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-mode" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-mode</a><p>At 80M subscribers, it was probably the most popular way in the world to access mobile internet pre-iPhone.