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Another common file format is Javascript's Source Map (which is extensively used to map minified js to its original source form): <a href="https://tc39.es/ecma426/2024/" rel="nofollow">https://tc39.es/ecma426/2024/</a><p>Note that there is an intrinsic trade-off between minimizing file sizes and making access efficient. Something like delta-encoding is highly efficient but makes efficient access impossible.<p>Most file formats are designed with the assumption that line number information will only be needed rarely (e.g. when explicitly breaking into a debugger, or annotating a backtrace in case of a crash) so they prioritize simplicity and compactness over efficient access.