2 comments

  • zellyn1 hour ago
    For those who don&#x27;t know, the Disk II Controller Card is considered by some to be the invention that best demonstrates Woz&#x27;s genius.<p>It&#x27;s also a great early example of the massive win you can get by replacing hardware with software (and &quot;software&quot; -- in the form of a state transition table encoded in a small ROM).<p>It&#x27;s also one of the reasons there were so many fascinating and weird copy protections for Apple II software: since so much of the behavior was in software on the computer, it was malleable. (Since it uses the CPU for tight timing loops, the Apple II couldn&#x27;t really do much else while using the disk.) The write-ups by 4am on IA are fun reading if you&#x27;re into this kind of thing: <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.org&#x2F;details&#x2F;apple_ii_library_4am" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;archive.org&#x2F;details&#x2F;apple_ii_library_4am</a><p>There are some fun projects to record disks at the level of magnetic flux transitions. I&#x27;m mostly familiar with <a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;applesaucefdc.com" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;applesaucefdc.com</a> by the amazing John Keoni Morris, which came with a new file format too, and some lovely UI software.
  • TMWNN1 hour ago
    As zellyn said, Disk II is pure genius writ large.<p>It&#x27;s flabbergasting how good Woz&#x27;s designs were. Almost on a whim, he with the Disk II did something no one anywhere in Silicon Valley—anywhere in the <i>world</i>—was doing. Forget about IBM, HP, Shugart, Tandon. Just within Commodore and Tandy, Apple&#x27;s direct 1977 competitors, there were abundant human and engineering resources to come up with a fast, inexpensive, and reliable floppy drive and controller; Chuck Peddle at Commodore was certainly no average engineer. And yet, Commodore was still unable to do this <i>in 1984</i>.<p>Whether one believes in the reality of the existence of the &quot;10X developer&quot;, it&#x27;s hard not to see what Woz did between 1976 and 1978—Integer BASIC, Apple II color graphics, and Disk II—as proof that such a being can exist, even if (as I have written elsewhere) that brilliance straddled the line between optimized and overoptimized. &lt;<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=41685888">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;news.ycombinator.com&#x2F;item?id=41685888</a>&gt;
    • dboreham28 minutes ago
      Commodore disk drives (4040 and so on) actually use a very similar approach. There&#x27;s no FDC controller chip and the 6502 is hooked to the drive (literally the same SA-390 as Apple used) via simple hardware. The only significant difference is that the 6502 (actually two of them) is in a separate enclosure from the Pet , communicating via IEEE-488. Since Commodore manufactured the 6502 presumably it was ok to use them liberally.
      • TMWNN11 minutes ago
        &gt;Commodore disk drives (4040 and so on) actually use a very similar approach. There&#x27;s no FDC controller chip and the 6502 is hooked to the drive (literally the same SA-390 as Apple used) via simple hardware.<p>I disagree that the approaches are similar. The 4040 &lt;<a href="https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Commodore_4040" rel="nofollow">https:&#x2F;&#x2F;en.wikipedia.org&#x2F;wiki&#x2F;Commodore_4040</a>&gt; is a monstrosity; even the later single-drive models, such as the 1541, are massive. Apple&#x27;s 1978 floppy drive + Disk II card takes up less space than 1985&#x27;s 1571 drive (and still <i>significantly</i> faster).<p>&gt;The only significant difference is that the 6502 (actually two of them) is in a separate enclosure from the Pet , communicating via IEEE-488.<p>Many things are possible when another 6502 is used just for the drives! That Commodore takes this approach is, as I said, no credit to its army of engineers versus one Berkeley dropout.<p>&gt;Since Commodore manufactured the 6502 presumably it was ok to use them liberally.<p>I acknowledge that, had Apple been the owner of MOS and manufactured 6502s, it might also have been tempted to take the easy way out designwise and built Commodore-style drives, or implement the Disk II with a 6502 on it. But I&#x27;d like to think that Woz would have done the &quot;right&quot; thing regardless of available resources.