I learned recently about “Vin Mariani” a wine from the 1860s that was fortified with coca leaves and contained 6mg per liquid ounce of the wine; except for the bottles sold in USA where it was 7.2mg per ounce, because there were other patent medicines that had cocaine in them and the manufacturer added a bit more to be competitive in the market.<p>The Pope of the time loved the stuff and awarded the company a Vatican medal for it.
> and contained 6mg per liquid ounce of the wine; except for the bottles sold in USA where it was 7.2mg per ounce<p>Oral bioavailability is lower (around 1/2 to 1/3 if I recall correctly) than nasal use. It also gets spread out over a much longer time because it's absorbed more slowly, which results in lower peak concentrations.<p>So between the low dose, lower oral bioavailability, slow onset, and lower peak blood concentrations the effects would not have been similar to what we imagine when we think of cocaine users today.<p>Drugs like this can have very different effects depending on the dose and route of administration. I'm not suggesting that it was a good idea to put this into drinks, but I don't want people getting the wrong idea that anyone drinking this wine in the past was getting the same effects as someone doing a line of cocaine.<p>In some countries you can get coca leaf tea (mate de coca) which is made from coca leaves and contains small amounts of cocaine, not far from the doses used in this old wine. A lot of tourists are disappointed to discover that it's only mildly stimulating if they feel anything at all, not the intense drug rush associated with taking larger concentrated doses nasally.
This reminded me of Pisco Punch, one of the most popular drinks in San Francisco around the times of the gold rush<p>Mark Twain wrote about it and apparently really enjoyed the drink. The drink was made with Pisco, pineapple juice and cocaine
While I love the Internet and all sorts of modern life fixtures (in a developed country), I feel a bit like I missed out by not being alive when all the crazy drinks were around.
Boy have I got news for you about the availability of drugs in modern days
Cocaine is still readily available.<p>Pour yourself a nice glass of wine with some coke on the side?
Probably best to have missed out on radium water.
And John Pemberton produced a clone of Vin Mariani but when alcohol prohibition was passed in Atlanta he produced a non-acoholic version... coca-cola.
But can you consecrate the cocaine wine‽
<i>Vinum debet esse naturale de genimine vitis et non corruptum.</i> [1]<p>IANACL, but I don't see why infusing wine with coca leaves to produce cocaine would be considered any less natural than infusing grape juice with yeast to produce alcohol, and the official Vatican English translation of "corruptum" here is "spoiled", so…maybe?<p>[1] <i>Codex Iuris Canonici</i>, can. 924 § 3
never knew this was a thing. seems it's still available to buy! sounds like a more respectable version of Buckfast, the tonic wine made in an abbey in Devon that had/has a cult popularity with the youth of parts of Ireland and Scotland
1) Reading the original article as far as I understand, indicates that the dose given the fish is 1000x than is seen in the wild.<p>2) From a public policy standpoint, OMG, this more than useless. Cocaine is already illegal everywhere.
Based study. <a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(26)00315-5" rel="nofollow">https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(26)...</a><p>Cringe sciencedotorg coverage... TL;DR: Doped Salmon wild. Wild Salmon dopey.<p>But a lot more fun in pictures; Spiders on Drugs, courtesy NASA.<p>Quoted Photos: <a href="https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/nasa-spiders-drugs-experiment/" rel="nofollow">https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/nasa-spiders-drugs-experime...</a><p>Source: Using Spider-Web Patterns To Determine Toxicity: <a href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950065352" rel="nofollow">https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950065352</a>
Does more or less cocaine end up in waterways because it is illegal? I would think the amount that ends up in the ocean in relation to failed trafficking may exceed the additional amount from higher usage particularly since not all wastewater is poorly treated and coastal.
Weird, it usually keeps me pretty close to a club toilet.
Could this not have been simply an instinct to find cleaner waters? I'm surprised they didn't add another control group which injected something unpleasant that could be naturally found in an area, but would be undesirable - ammonia, some sort of acid, or something along those lines.
The title ie a bit misleading:<p>The study want to prove that cocaine is <i>yet another</i> polluter thar alters the fish behaviour even in the small quantities that can be found in the wild in polluted areas. Not that something is special or different about cocaine pollution.<p>So the control group in this case are fishes with an implant with no drug at all.<p><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(26)00315-5" rel="nofollow">https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(26)...</a>
At very low doses, for example chewing the leaves of coke instead of using the high purified version, it's somewhat like drinking a coffee [1].<p>I expect the fish to be more active. A coffee patch would be a nice 4th group as another control.<p>[1] Chewing the leaves of coke is common in many countries of South America, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acullico" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acullico</a>
Agree with your point overall, but ammonia in particular is a poor example.<p>Fish lack urea cycle, so they produce and excrete significant amounts of ammonia as part of normal metabolism.
There's a big data set for cocaine. It comes from wastewater based epidemiology (WBE) studies.
And just like that, smoked Salmon became popular again :)<p>BTW, did you knew municipalities can easily measure fluctuations in drug usage by testing the sewage water? In fact, sometimes they can see clear differences between different parts of the city.
Is data like that sold anywhere? I wonder if there’s an analytics market for profiling neighborhoods based on sewage water content now. If my browser history wasn’t already rock bottom, that’s a new low for the ad market
The European Wastewater Surveillance Dashboard:<p><a href="https://wastewater-observatory.jrc.ec.europa.eu/#/content/the-eu-dashboard" rel="nofollow">https://wastewater-observatory.jrc.ec.europa.eu/#/content/th...</a><p>Also, Wastewater analysis and drugs — a European multi-city study:<p><a href="https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/pods/waste-water-analysis_en" rel="nofollow">https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/pods/waste-water-ana...</a>
Fun fact: if you sign up for many online casinos or betting sites they will indeed use Google Streetview to lookup your house to estimate how much money they might extract from you.
I feel like looking up official county records which show outstanding mortgage terms and purchase price and permit applications would be a better resource than an image from google street view. You should be able to figure out people's mortgage payments just based on the info on homes.com
that's wild, do you have a source? curious to know more
Their strategy is more in-depth than that, and they’re more accurately looking for sharps. Somebody working minimum wage in a trailer betting for “their guy” isn’t a problem, even if they’re not going to make the book much money. Somebody working minimum wage in a trailer smurfing for a sharp can be a huge problem. You can read first hand info from professional bettors, books don’t like to reveal their risk management methodology for obvious reasons.
I know that people who work for at least one non-profit, use Google Streetview to see how much money they should ask people for.
A friend working in the business told me. I don't think it's a strategy the casinos would publicly disclose.
Seems quite cumbersome to do this manually when you can get purchasing power assessments at street-level granularity from data brokers.
You would think so, but you have to remember that customer profitability is exponentially distributed. I e., one addict gambling away their and their loved ones life savings is worth more than hundreds or thousands of regular players. Thus, focusing on acquiring and retaining such addicts makes perfect economic sense. So much that individual sign-ups are analyzed down to Facebook stalking and Streetview googling. Much in the same way the addicts hunt for the big win which will make them rich do the casinos hunt for the whales that will fund the whole office for months.
Streetview and a visual model seems excessive when there's plenty of databrokers straight up selling your mortgage info and shopping habits (from CC purchases)
> BTW, did you knew municipalities can easily measure fluctuations in drug usage by testing the sewage water?<p>Yep. Not just drugs are monitored this way, but also the spread of infectious diseases. That can lead to sometimes pretty weird findings - for example, polio virus is supposed to be extinct, but every so often it shows up in sewage monitoring of major German cities [1]. The cause most likely are people (tourists and immigrants) from Africa and Asia that got an attenuated virus-based vaccination in their home country shortly before they came here.<p>Covid is, at least in Bavaria, also part of the regular monitoring schedule [2], Austria monitors for Covid, RSV and influenza [3].<p>[1] <a href="https://www.aerzteblatt.de/news/erreger-der-kinderlaehmung-im-abwasser-deutscher-staedte-e466f449-decd-4239-a0df-2194be2b3430" rel="nofollow">https://www.aerzteblatt.de/news/erreger-der-kinderlaehmung-i...</a><p>[2] <a href="https://bay-voc.lgl.bayern.de/abwassermonitoring" rel="nofollow">https://bay-voc.lgl.bayern.de/abwassermonitoring</a><p>[3] <a href="https://abwasser.ages.at/de/" rel="nofollow">https://abwasser.ages.at/de/</a>
Video interview with the Salmon in question <a href="https://youtu.be/dDj7DuHVV9E" rel="nofollow">https://youtu.be/dDj7DuHVV9E</a>
Good news everyone! If you give a fish a stimulant, it swims more!
Shine on you crazy salmon
I wonder about the root cause. Can it be explained as: (1) Stimulant helps the fish to swim more distance? (2) Inhibition is lowered so the fish is more willing to explore?
How does one get a job as a "let's give cocaine to this animal and see what happens" scientist?
Depends on your threshold for credentials and desired pay range. If you've got speed, a stream, and a dream, you can coke up as many fish as you want. It's science as long as you write it down.
This roughly describes several research projects my late sister-in-law was involved in.<p>In her case I believe she was friends with the head of a university lab who recruited her out of her PhD program.
If that is not one good argument to start producing cocaine locally, then I don't know!<p>Save the fish.
Cocaine bear, cocaine shark, cocaine… salmon?
Cocaine Salmon is the prequel to Cocaine Bear: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon#/media/File:Cub_with_trophy.jpg" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon#/media/File:Cub_with_tr...</a>
In the southwest there are also meth trout.
(lowers mirrored glasses).... mother of god
We’re looking at you, Vancouver.
Next up: smackhead whales, dolphins on crack, and manatees hitting the bong.