> 1.2bn people escaped penury in those 25 years, bringing the global poverty rate down from 43% to 13% (using today’s poverty line). Economic growth did nearly all the work. A booming China accounted for about two-thirds of the decline; red-hot India and Indonesia did much of the rest. It looked as though growth miracles might consign poverty to the past.<p>> poverty is now concentrated in places where growth is harder to achieve, and population size is rising fast. Around seven in ten of the world’s poor are in sub-Saharan Africa; the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and Nigeria alone account for a quarter of the total. If current poverty rates persist, rapid population growth means that these three could be home to more than two-fifths of the world’s poorest by 2050.<p>The world permanently funding cash handouts in highly corrupt countries sounds like a terrible idea.<p>Sounds much better to investing in infrastructure and improved governance to make the growing issues in sub-Saharan Africa more like the success stories in Asia and other parts of Africa.<p>Harder to steal infrastructure. But obviously still possible especially before and during construction, and after during maintenance contracts.
Just give China a bit.<p>They're going to replace USAID in the poorest nations, offer more free Chinese education.<p>In time they'll unseat English as the global language.<p>The best colleges, by some metrics are already Chinese. Give a few hundred thousand Africans tier 1 free Chinese education and see how global perspectives shift in a few decades.<p>Next the Yuan will become the world reserve currency.<p>Edit: Sources are always better than opinions.<p><a href="https://globalchinapulse.net/confucius-institutes-and-the-spread-of-mandarin-chinese-in-africa/" rel="nofollow">https://globalchinapulse.net/confucius-institutes-and-the-sp...</a>
> <i>Sounds much better to investing in infrastructure and improved governance</i><p>When I think of funding Africa, I think of Andrew Millison's video blogs about building a green belt.<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@amillison" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/@amillison</a>
Exactly this. It’s counterintuitive for most people, but the more complexity you add to the systems (the more organic they are), the more sustainably successful they become.<p>Everyone is looking for a simple solution, but simple solutions don't take into account human social dynamics.
archive:
<a href="https://archive.is/BnBFT" rel="nofollow">https://archive.is/BnBFT</a>
paper cited: <a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w34583" rel="nofollow">https://www.nber.org/papers/w34583</a><p>>it would cost $318bn a year to reduce the global poverty rate to 1% at the $2.15-a-day line—roughly 0.3% of global GDP— with imperfect, real-world information.<p>>around 60% of rich-world respondents say they would be willing to give up 0.5% of their income if that were enough to end extreme poverty.<p>While in reality I'm sure this would be much harder than the article suggests, I buy the direction of the key points:<p>1) it costs a feasible amount,
2) there is strong support to do it.
3) creative approaches might be effective.<p>Note: I kept the title I found in the print Economist version, since it is more informative.
We don’t even have to get creative! Building out infrastructure is enough to get most people out of extreme poverty and it doesn’t have to be sold as aid, it can be sold as expanding markets.<p>Based on stats from IFAD [1]:<p>> There are some 500 million smallholder farms worldwide; more than 2 billion people depend on them for their livelihoods. These small farms produce about 80 per cent of the food consumed in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.<p>Estimates are hard to come by, but a significant fraction of those (>750 million) are subsistence farmers with zero market access beyond their nearest village or town. That not only means thy can’t effectively sell their produce but they can’t easily afford or have access to basic technologies and resources to improve their yields enough to get out of subsistence farming. Even metal tools are difficult to come by in many places, let alone a consistent supply of fertilizer.<p>Mobile phones have had an outsized impact on these communities because they allowed farmers to get market data even if it was just a village away. Roads, irrigation, sanitation, and a whole host of other infrastructure we take for granted would have an even bigger impact, and these aren’t temporary solutions like food aid, which just distorts markts even further.<p>That said, there a huge long standing systemic problems that make these kinds of investments hard to justify politically.<p>[1] <a href="https://www.ifad.org/documents/d/new-ifad.org/smallholders-can-feed-the-world_e-pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.ifad.org/documents/d/new-ifad.org/smallholders-c...</a>
The challenge is distributional. Controlling and withholding food aid makes you powerful, so at a certain point more money does not result in less poverty.<p>But also we need to do more for ending poverty!
> Controlling and withholding food aid makes you powerful<p>It’s not even that malicious, bureaucracy takes over and more money is spent on the middle men than the recipients. In the US we already spend about $600B in charitable giving, yet most of the problems still remain.<p>Even if you fix the distributional challenge, the second order effects of how the modern economy is setup ensure that extreme poverty will always exist. If the poverty line is $10k and you give every single person $10k, the corporations and rent seekers will adjust the cost of living so that the new poverty line is now $20K and extreme poverty still exists.
A really good thing the UK charity commission does is to list the efficiency of charities - how much they spend to acquire their funds. Also the wages they pay.<p>I've checked it when giving funds to new charities.<p>Oxfam, for example, are quite inefficient - <a href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/202918?_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_organisationNumber=202918" rel="nofollow">https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/ch...</a>
I think you are overly focused on how things are done in the US, where it is thankfully quite rare to outright starve.<p>In Africa it is quite common to kill foreign aid workers in order to deny food aid to the enemy. Bureaucracy and rent-seeking has nothing to do with it, it's just child soldiers being brainwashed to kill their enemies at any price.
Saying “in Africa” makes it sound like this is common in every location in Africa. This isn’t true.
Well yes, I think if you’re talking about war torn countries then yes. But when you talk about stable countries, poverty still exists and the inefficiencies of the bureaucracy and its impact on distribution is still the same.<p>And hunger isn’t that uncommon in the US, where a extreme poverty rate is still 4-5% of the population.
> In Africa it is quite common to kill foreign aid workers in order to deny food aid to the enemy.<p>Where in Africa is this common?
How does that work mechanically? If I have a home to rent out, why don't I reduce prices to $19k to guarantee zero occupancy-related losses, and why doesn't somebody else out-compete me?
That is why organizations such as Heifer International:<p><a href="https://www.heifer.org/" rel="nofollow">https://www.heifer.org/</a><p>which focus on providing folks with the means to raise their own food and be self-sufficient are the key.
"…around 60% of rich-world respondents say they would be willing to give up 0.5% of their income if that were enough to end extreme poverty."<p>That really is sad. We're talking 0.5% and <i>only</i> 60% were okay with that?
I suspect a percentage of the 40% don't believe it's possible, or believe it would end up being 0.5% of their income to enrich a select few (as has seemed to happen with previous attempts to "save" entire countries).
Of course, the bigger question is what percent of that 40 actually <i>want</i> extreme poverty to exist for one reason or another — be it that they hate the people who are currently poor and can’t envision it happening to them or their community or because they have some weird cognitive defect like the just world fallacy that causes them to believe this is a positive condition for the world to be in.<p>Some people also think that we should spend that money on other stuff that they’re interested in like cool space stuff and just don’t care about poor people and never will.
I know a number of people who view basically any kind of aid as morally wrong, ultimately leading to the downfall of the people you're trying to help. Even with their own kids, once they're 18 they're on their own -- no help with college, no inheritance, no etc. They really believe that handouts create a situation worse than whatever ill they're solving.<p>Mind you, they still think poverty is bad, but they'd object to something like paying for basic infrastructure and be happy to create the modern-day equivalent of CCC camps to pay the poor people to build that infrastructure. That sort of thing.
Remember it said rich-world respondents, not rich people. There are still poor people in rich-world countries that would find it painful to give up any part of what they have.
Another interesting question is what part of the 60% want extreme poverty to exist for one reason or another? Probably the same portion as of the 40%, just the reasons differ.
Rich world respondent doesn’t mean Rich themselves. When you’re struggling to make ends meet, philanthropy takes a back seat. Half the population in the us is in debt, has almost no savings and is living paycheck to paycheck. I’d assume even 0.5% would be difficult to part ways with.
> Half the population in the US ... has almost no savings and is living paycheck to paycheck<p>No. The median American household net worth is $193k, and of that, $8k in checkings/savings accounts. 54% of adults have cash savings that can pay for 3 months of expenses (this excludes non-cash savings, and obviously an even greater percentage have cash savings that would cover 1-2 months of expenses, which is still not paycheck-to-paycheck).
I'm sure the approval rate was even lower among the Actually Rich
Apparently 75% of the world's population believe in some kind of god. 60% is a low number as far as fantasy beliefs go.
I'm not even sure I believe that. Try raising taxes by 0.5% and see how ok people are with it. Doesn't matter what it's for.
>around 60% of rich-world respondents say they would be willing to give up 0.5% of their income if that were enough to end extreme poverty.<p>If they really were, they already be doing it, and it would be a solved issue. For many folks, it's a lot easier to say 'yes' to a survey about whether you <i>would</i> give your own money to the poor than it is to actually give your own money the poor.
When it happens collectively e.g. through taxes, you get somewhat of a middle ground between the survey and giving your own money (directly and visibly).<p>There seems to be some kind of international target of 0.7% of GNI (~GDP) for developmental aid already, which governments often don't meet fully but come close to (e.g. <a href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03714/" rel="nofollow">https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03...</a>), so the 0.5% would probably be viable in tax form.
Is it trickle down economics?<p>Or perhaps it's effective altruism?
The framing is wild (emphasis added):<p>> The 189 member states of the United Nations set a target to bring the share of people living on less than $1.25 a day to half its 1990 level by 2015 ... <i>Economic growth did nearly all the work.</i> A booming China accounted for about two-thirds of the decline<p>That's one way to put it. Another way is that China set out to intentionally raise 800M people out of extreme poverty as a decades-long, multi-faceted priority and policy goal of the CCP. According to the World Bank [1]:<p>> China’s approach to poverty reduction has been based on two pillars, according to the report. The first was broad-based economic transformation to open new economic opportunities and raise average incomes. The second was the recognition that targeted support was needed to alleviate persistent poverty; support was initially provided to areas disadvantaged by geography and the lack of opportunities and later to individual households. The report points to a number of lessons for other countries from China’s experience, including the importance of a focus on education, an outward orientation, sustained public investments in infrastructure, and structural policies supportive of competition.<p>Or, as The Economist put it, "economic growth". None of this is new. Another oft-cited example is Brazil's Bolsa Familia [2].<p>Back to The Economist:<p>> None of this is insurmountable, though. As Alfred Marshall, a founding figure of modern economics, once observed, eradicating poverty is less a quandary for economics than for the “moral and political capabilities of human nature”.<p>That's so weird. We apparently can't blame income and wealth inequality on economics. No, it's a moral and political failure.<p>[1]: <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/04/01/lifting-800-million-people-out-of-poverty-new-report-looks-at-lessons-from-china-s-experience" rel="nofollow">https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/04/01/l...</a><p>[2]: <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/05/27/br-bolsa-familia" rel="nofollow">https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/05/27/br-bols...</a>
crazy to see that china is doing most of the poverty reduction and not say hey developing countries, copy china (in the ways that you can, china has a unique advantage in size of domestic market)
The answer is capitalism. Unfortunately in most of Africa corruption prevents it from actually doing its thing properly. I don’t know how anyone can honestly look at India and china and say anything else. Excellent governance is useless without money and most people know how to use their own money to further their own life if given capital and opportunity, thus capitalism is the solution.<p>Anyone who disagrees should consider why you’re on a venture capitalist website.
This is an oversimplification, adopting "capitalism" wholesale as a developing nation without guardrails is incredibly risky because foreign capital will just buy out or crush native industries. The way China actually succeeded was by adopting state capitalism and implementing incredibly strong protectionist measures to ensure domestic growth, not by opening the floodgates to a pure free market.<p>> Anyone who disagrees should consider why you’re on a venture capitalist website.<p>Not limiting yourself to an ideological bubble is actually a good thing, regardless of what website you're on.
> most people know how to use their own money to further their own life if given capital and opportunity, thus capitalism is the solution<p>I didn't know that "giving capital and opportunity" to people is inherent to capitalism. My understanding of capitalism is, that <i>if</i> people have money, they can "use their own money to further their own life", but capitalists avoid giving money to other people unless the return on investment is greater than 1.
Capitalism
one neat trick is to end poverty, ok, yea, that makes sense
Second amendment rights in poor countries would help cash hound outs transform into societal change MUCH faster than increasing cash handouts.<p>Most third world dictatorships survive by suppressing citizens' rights to defend themselves to enforce order of just law.
I just love this thought process where people think they and their fellow yokels playing militia in the woods can protect themselves against the might of the US Government…<p>The second amendment is not protecting you against an army with tanks, jets, bombs etc
Do you think carrying a gun gives the child soldier power to change his circumstances? It's a problem of organization and collective action, not lack of arms.
Pssh, who needs clean water and schools, the missing piece in the developing world is clearly a well regulated militia!