One of my favorite historical examples of skillful diplomacy is the case of the 16th century courtier Paweł Działyński [0]. Many people don't know this, but 16th century Poland, a superpower at its zenith, had a highly sophisticated political culture. One reason for this sophistication was that the nobility [1] had enormous political influence, making up 11% of the populace. The Polish crown [2] was highly constrained by the Sejm [3] and the Senate [4], and so the nobility - who were citizens, not subjects - did not take a submissive stance toward their king as in absolutist countries. To participate in such a political process, it was essential to have the skills necessary for political success, like oratory. Fluency in Latin, even in casual conversation, was so widespread that visitors often remarked that they felt like they had arrived in ancient Rome.<p>In any case, Działyński was dispatched by Sigismund III [5] to the English court to protest the seizing of ships, by the English, carrying Polish goods to Spain with whom England was at war. Given an audience, he delivered a speech, in flawless Latin, that effectively rebuked the English for doing so and remarked that unless such seizure was discontinued, it would risk an open conflict with Poland. Elizabeth responded by reprimanding Działyński for his "insolence" and insulted his supposedly lack of knowledge of etiquette in dealing with a monarch.<p>Why is this relevant? It is because Elizabeth, who is widely recognized at being quite egotistical and insecure - personally and politically - was allowed to save face among her subjects while Poland was able to secure the intended diplomatic aim. Elizabeth's court was able to spread news of the queen's boldness and facility in Latin while quietly acceding to Polish demands. Działyński was blunt, but he wasn't rude. His directness was calculated; he knew he was dealing with the Tudor cult of personality and that Elizabeth was cultivating the image of the "Warrior Queen". By being blunt, he gave her the stage she needed to put on the show she desperately needed to put on, while he was able to make clear in no uncertain terms, as representative of the Polish sovereign, the Polish Crown's demands. He knew Poland had the upper hand in objective terms while England was effectively an upstart whose sovereign relied heavily on reputational PR to maintain an image of power. Działyński sacrificed his reputation in the English court as an act of soft power to attain the diplomatic goal.<p>[0] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Dzia%C5%82y%C5%84ski" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Dzia%C5%82y%C5%84sk...</a><p>[1] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szlachta</a><p>[2] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland</a><p>[3] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejm" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejm</a><p>[4] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_Poland</a><p>[5] <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigismund_III_Vasa</a>